Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes
major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Its pathophysiology comprises acute and …

The immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) consists primarily of innate
immune cells. These are highly specialized macrophages found either in the parenchyma …

INTRODUCTION Myeloid cells are highly heterogeneous, with distinct ontogenies and
immune functions. The diverse role of myeloid populations, including monocytes …

All tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)—including
parenchymal microglia, as well as CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) such as …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life changing neurological condition with substantial
socioeconomic implications for patients and their care-givers. Recent advances in medical …

Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising
granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various …

Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous
exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system …

Microglia were first recognized as a distinct cell population in the CNS one century ago. For
a long time, they were primarily considered to be phagocytes responsible for removing …

The central nervous system has historically been viewed as an immune-privileged site, but
recent data have shown that the meninges—the membranes that surround the brain and …