The focus of this chapter is on chronic pain. The authors open the chapter with a discussion
of epidemiological findings and outline a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain. To illustrate …

The current study attempts to apply a presurgical psychological screening algorithm to a
subset of patients being considered to receive implantable pain management devices …

The gastrointestinal system, also called the GI tract, is responsible for digestive and
eliminatory functions. All of us, at one time or another, have probably experienced one or …

Fear of pain and pain associated activities have received substantial attention in the
literature. Such fear can contribute to avoidance of activity and, if severe enough, can …

dure in which an anterior interbody fusion is performed as well as a posterior fusion
computed tomography (CT): radiographic imaging procedure that produces cross-sectional …