The mammalian tunica albuginea (TA) is characterized by a double-layer orthogonal
structure composed of stacked parallel wavy collagen fibers. During an erection, these fibers …

Conspectus Using a limited selection of ordinary components and at ambient temperature,
nature has managed to produce a wide range of incredibly diverse materials with …

This study aimed to determine the effect of the structural properties of acetylated bacterial
cellulose (ABC) on its in vitro biological performance. Acetylation resulted in several …

The human microbiota is implicated in many disease states, including neurological
disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This potentially huge impact on human health …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder associated with inflammation, functional
disability, and high socioeconomic costs. The development of effective therapies against …

This century is blessed with enhanced medical facilities on the grounds of the development
of smart biomaterials. The rise of the four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology is a …

Genetically engineered (GE) bacteria were utilized for developing functional systems upon
confinement within a restricted space. Use of natural soft hydrogel such as alginate, gelatin …

Seamless interfaces between electronic devices and biological tissues stand to
revolutionize disease diagnosis and treatment. However, biological and biomechanical …

Engineered living hydrogels that can protect cells from harsh environments have achieved
preliminary successes in biomedicine and environmental remediation. However, their …

Microbial communities are shaped by complex metabolic interactions such as cooperation
and competition for resources. Methods to control such interactions could lead to major …