Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Immunological and inflammatory processes downstream of dystrophin deficiency as well as
metabolic abnormalities, defective autophagy, and loss of regenerative capacity all …

Simple Summary The cancer-immunity cycle is characterized by various stimulatory and
inhibitory factors, which together regulate the immune response and halt the extreme …

Cancer Immunotherapy relies on harnessing a patient's immune system to fine-tune specific
anti-tumor responses and ultimately eradicate cancer. Among diverse therapeutic …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients in the USA,
whereas the major cause of CRC deaths is hepatic metastases. The liver is the most …

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are critical players in the tumor microenvironment,
modulating cancer cell functions. TIICs are highly heterogenic and plastic and may either …

Cytokines have long been considered promising cancer immunotherapy agents due to their
endogenous role in activating and proliferating lymphocytes. However, since the initial FDA …

Cytokines are messenger proteins that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells
and control immune responses. Interferons, interleukins, and growth factors have …

Agonist antibodies that activate cellular signaling have emerged as promising therapeutics
for treating myriad pathologies. Unfortunately, the discovery of rare antibodies with the …

Simple Summary Cytokines are molecules that help cells communicate at short range. Often,
a single cytokine is measured in patient tissues to understand whether immune cells are …