In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and production of amyloid beta
(Aβ) which is generated by amyloidogenic pathway is implicated in neurotoxicity and …

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein and high-fat diet. KD is
primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy. KD was shown to be effective in treating different …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common brain neurodegenerative disease due to progressive
degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology of MS is the destruction of …

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of the
brain. Of note, brain renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is intricate in the PD neuropathology …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and is manifested by
motor and non‐motor symptoms because of degenerative changes in dopaminergic …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by
memory impairment and cognitive dysfunctions. It has been shown that hypoglycemia can …

Depression is a mood disorder that may increase risk for the development of insulin
resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and vice versa. However, the mechanistic …

Abstract Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a protein expressed in postmitotic neurons in
the central nervous system (CNS). Cdk5 is activated by p35 and p39 which are neuron …

The association between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorders as significant risk
factors is widely acknowledged. However, the intricate molecular mechanism intertwining …