Owing to the excellent cell ablation ability and low side effects, photodynamic therapy (PDT)
plays an important role in disease treatment, especially cancer. However, most PDT agents …

Tumors are dynamic pseudoorgans that contain numerous cell types interacting to create a
unique physiology. Within this network, the malignant cells encounter many challenges and …

Simple Summary The role of lactate in cancer described by Otto Warburg in 1927 states that
cancer cells uptake high amount of glucose with a marked increase in lactate production …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of tumor
microenvironment in most solid cancers. Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer …

Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic
and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic …

Decades of research have disclosed a plethora of alterations in protein glycosylation that
decisively impact in all stages of disease and ultimately contribute to more aggressive cell …

The mechanistic contributions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in breast cancer
progression remain to be fully understood. While altered glucose metabolism in CAFs could …

Solid tumors reside in harsh tumor microenvironments (TMEs) together with various stromal
cell types. During tumor progression and metastasis, both tumor and stromal cells undergo …

Mutationally corrupted cancer (stem) cells are the driving force of tumor development and
progression. Yet, these transformed cells cannot do it alone. Assemblages of ostensibly …

Cancer is a metabolic disease in which abnormally proliferating cancer cells rewire
metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Molecular reprogramming in the …