Roughly one quarter of all genes code for integral membrane proteins that are inserted into
the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of …

A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in
space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are …

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial hormone in plant antiviral immunity. Increasing evidence
shows that viruses counter this host immune response by interfering with JA biosynthesis …

Background Protein transporters translocate hydrophilic segments of polypeptide across
hydrophobic cell membranes. Two protein transporters are ubiquitous and date back to the …

Pogostemon cablin is an important aromatic medicinal herb widely used in the
pharmaceutical and perfume industries. However, our understanding of the phytochemical …

Heterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant
chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants …

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family and have diverse
functions in plant development. Here, we identified an ALBINO EMBRYO AND SEEDLING …

In higher plants, chloroplasts are essential semi-autonomous organelles with complex
compartments. As part of these sub-organellar compartments, the sheet-like thylakoid …

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and numerous metabolic and signalling processes that
enable plant growth and development. Most of the∼ 3000 proteins in chloroplasts are …

Mutants are crucial to extending our understanding of genes and their functions in higher
plants. In this study a spontaneous cucumber mutant, yf, showed yellow color leaves, had …