Among all neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stands out for its high
level of expression in the brain and its potent effects on synapses. It is now widely accepted …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation
(tACS) have been applied to many research issues because these stimulation techniques …

Neuroplasticity can be defined as the ability of the nervous system to respond to intrinsic or
extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, function and connections. Major advances in …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces long-lasting NMDA
receptor-dependent cortical plasticity via persistent subthreshold polarization of neuronal …

Background Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS) have the potential to mitigate a …

Following the fundamental recognition of its involvement in sensory-motor coordination and
learning, the cerebellum is now also believed to take part in the processing of cognition and …

BACKGROUND: The neocortex is the most common target of subdural electrotherapy and
noninvasive brain stimulation modalities, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) …

The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent
work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the …

Advances in materials chemistry and engineering serve as the basis for multifunctional
neural interfaces that span length scales from individual neurons to neural networks, neural …

Stroke has been one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is still a social health
issue. Keeping in view the importance of physical rehabilitation of stroke patients, an …