A biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), which causes stripe rust disease in
wheat is the most yield-limiting factor in wheat production. Plants have complex defense …

The plant cell boundary generally comprises constituents of the primary and secondary cell
wall (CW) that are deposited sequentially during development. Although it is known that the …

Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules required to activate the
plant's innate immunity against abiotic stresses and biotrophic attackers. Stress-induced …

Background Acidic phytohormones are small molecules controlling many physiological
functions in plants. A comprehensive picture of their profiles including the active forms …

BACKGROUND Phenacoccus solenopsis is a polyphagous invasive mealybug that caused
serious damage to crops worldwide. Phloem‐sucking hemipterans are known to carry …

Plant hormones are critical chemicals that participate in almost all aspects of plant life by
triggering cellular response cascades. FERONIA is one of the most well studied members in …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural potent signaling molecule, synthesized from the amino acid
phenylalanine or chorismate, involved in induction of plant defense strategies associated …

WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plants, including responses to stress;
however, our understanding of the function of WRKY genes in plant responses to viral …

Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of
resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in …

In the struggle to secure nutrient access and to outperform competitors, some plant species
have evolved a biochemical arsenal with which they inhibit the growth or development of …