Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a burgeoning challenge of global priority, warranting
immediate action to prevent the explosion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens …

Astrocytes, as the most plentiful subtypes of glial cells, play an essential biphasic function in
ischemic stroke (IS). However, although having beneficial effects on stroke via promoting …

The innate immune system is a primary protective line in our body. It confers its protection
through different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), especially toll like receptors (TLRs) …

Nanotechnologies are rapidly increasing their role in immuno-oncology in line with the need
for novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients unresponsive to chemotherapies and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition proteins, play an integral role in the
modulation of systemic inflammatory responses. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a …

Cathepsins are a type of lysosomal globulin hydrolase and are crucial for many
physiological processes, including the resorption of bone matrix, innate immunity, apoptosis …

Macrophages substantially influence the development, progression, and complications of
inflammation-driven diseases. Although numerous studies support the critical role of Notch …

The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens
through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLR s) are one type of …

As an important family member of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 can recognize various
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacteria and viral components …