Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant
tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an …

Experimental evidence accumulated over decades has implicated epithelial–mesenchymal
plasticity (EMP), which collectively encompasses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment
(TME) with diverse functions such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modulation of …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that arises due to mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, which encodes for a protein responsible for …

The role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression is gaining significant attention. It
is realized that cancer cells and the corresponding stroma co-evolve with time. Cancer cells …

Abstract ENO1 (α-enolase) expression is significantly correlated with reduced survival and
poor prognosis in many cancer types, including lung cancer. However, the function of ENO1 …

Chemoresistance remains a major complication of cancer treatments. Recent data provide
strong evidence that chemoresistance is linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) …