3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There
are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical …

The liquid biopsy includes the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters
in blood, as well as the detection of, cell-free DNA (cfDNA)/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) …

Kidney organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have proven
valuable for studies of kidney development, disease, and therapeutic screening. However …

Organoids and cells in organ‐on‐chip platforms replicate higher‐level anatomical,
physiological, or pathological states of tissues and organs. These technologies are widely …

The urinary system, comprising the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, has a unique
mechanical and fluid microenvironment, which is essential to the urinary system growth and …

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe, monogenetic, neuromuscular disease. A
thorough understanding of its genetic cause and the availability of robust models has led to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as part of the cellular secretome, have emerged as essential
cell–cell communication regulators in multiple physiological and pathological processes …

In drug development, conventional preclinical and clinical testing stages rely on cell cultures
and animal experiments, but these methods may fall short of fully representing human …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ranks as the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide with
limited treatment options. The development of in vitro models replicating defined segments …

Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho) physiology.
Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The …