Since the first cases of AIDS appeared in 1981, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) infection has reached pandemic proportions. Forty years later, research has led to the …

Life science research is advancing rapidly in the 21st century. Many innovative technologies
and methodologies are being applied in various fields of the life sciences to reveal how …

HIV-1 infection depends on the integration of viral DNA into host chromatin. Integration is
mediated by the viral enzyme integrase and is blocked by integrase strand transfer inhibitors …

Despite the fast development of vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) is still circulating and generating variants of concern (VoC) that escape the …

During HIV-1 genome replication, the viral reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H
(RT-associated RNase H) activity hydrolyzes the RNA strand of RNA/DNA heteroduplex …

Integrase is the retroviral protein responsible for integrating reverse transcripts into cellular
genomes. Co-packaged with viral RNA and reverse transcriptase into capsid-encased viral …

Integration into host target DNA (tDNA), a hallmark of retroviral replication, is mediated by
the intasome, a multimer of integrase (IN) assembled on viral DNA (vDNA) ends. To …

Viruses rely on hosts for life and reproduction, cause a variety of symptoms from common
cold to AIDS to COVID-19 and provoke public health threats claiming millions of lives around …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a deltaretrovirus most prevalent in
southwestern Japan, sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, South America, and the Caribbean …

HIV-1 derived lentiviral vector is an efficient transporter for delivering desired genetic
materials into the targeted cells among many viral vectors. Genetic material transduced by …