Ocular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may cause insidious visual
impairment, but its clinical features and the risk of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-related …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune
system dysfunction that can lead to serious health issues and mortality. Recent …

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multisystem disease with a high global
prevalence, including in Saudi Arabia. The Glucagon-like Peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist …

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a toll like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 antagonist, is used during
pregnancy for inflammatory conditions with limited understanding of its placental toxicology …

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by
autoimmunity toward apoptotic cells, excessive amounts of circulating immune complexes …

Anti-phospholipid syndrome is a complex and severe clinical situation, associated with
symptoms such as recurrent thrombosis, arterial or venous, at any site, pregnancy loss, and …

COVID-19 is a generally benign coronavirus disease that can spread rapidly, except for
those with a group of risk factors. Since the pathogenesis responsible for the severity of the …

One of the most abundant coagulation proteins is β 2-glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) that is present
in humans at a concentration of around 200 mg/L. Its physiological role is only partially …

Beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is a major antigen for autoantibodies present in
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). β2GPI is a single polypeptide with five repeated …

Method For the investigation of anti-β 2 GPI AAb-mediated PLT alterations, a flow cytometry
(FC)-based protocol was employed. To study the impact of anti-β 2 GPI AAb-mediated PLT …