Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridia species are the most potent
identified natural toxins. Classically, the toxic neurological syndrome is characterized by an …

The peak prevalence of migraine occurs in women of reproductive age, and women
experience a higher burden of migraine symptoms and disability compared to men. This …

Botulism is a rare, neurotoxin-mediated, life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid
descending paralysis that begins with cranial nerve palsies and might progress to extremity …

Background and Objectives A previous publication of pregnancy outcomes in
onabotulinumtoxinA-exposed mothers demonstrated that the prevalence of major fetal …

Background Botulism is a rare, potentially fatal paralytic illness caused by neurotoxins. To
inform the evaluation of patients with suspected botulism, we conducted a systematic review …

Headache in Pregnancy and Lactation : CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology Account
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a protein secreted by the anaerobic
Gram-negative bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Among the seven known subtypes, type A …

Botulism is a rare disease that affects a few hundred persons each year in the United States.
The vast majority of clinicians have never seen a patient with botulism [1]. Yet, botulism's …

Effective treatment for botulism requires early clinical recognition. Diagnosis of botulism,
including during outbreaks, can be challenging. We assessed combinations of signs and …

Objective The objective of this study was to assess women's healthcare providers' treatment
practices for pregnant women with migraine. Background Migraine is associated with …