Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Trained immunity is a functional state of the innate immune response and is characterized
by long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. This concept originated in …

The similarities and differences between trained immunity and other immune processes are
the subject of intense interrogation. Therefore, a consensus on the definition of trained …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

The emergence and spread of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from Wuhan, China, have
become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, designated by World Health …

Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet
medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate …

Simple Summary The relationship between the immune system and tumours is currently one
of the most studied topics in the field of cancer. Previously, it was thought that a tumour could …

Nanoparticle (NP) is an emerging tool applied in the biomedical field. With combination of
different materials and adjustment of their physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles …

Trained immunity enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to subsequent infections or
vaccinations. Here we demonstrate that pre-vaccination with bacteria-derived outer …

The ontogeny and maturation of the immune system is modulated by the microbiota. During
fetal life, the mother's microbiota produces compounds that are transferred to the fetus and …