Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence …

Signals of energy homeostasis interact closely with neural circuits of motivation to control
food intake. An emerging hypothesis is that the transition to maladaptive feeding behavior …

Food intake is regulated by 2 complementary drives: the homeostatic and hedonic
pathways. The homeostatic pathway controls energy balance by increasing the motivation to …

The gut hormone ghrelin targets the brain to promote food intake and adiposity. The ghrelin
receptor growth hormone secretagogue 1 receptor (GHSR) is present in hypothalamic …

In November 1955, Geoffrey Harris published a paper based on the Christian A Herter
Lecture he had given earlier that year at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA …

Our gut harbours trillions of microorganisms essential for the maintenance of homeostasis
and host physiology in health and disease. In the last decade, there has been a growing …

Although weight loss can usually be achieved by restricting food intake, the majority of
dieters regain weight over the long-term. In the hypothalamus, hormonal signals from the …

The leptin hormone is critical for normal food intake and metabolism. While leptin receptor
(Lepr) function has been well studied in the hypothalamus, the functional relevance of Lepr …

Ghrelin, an acylated upper gastrointestinal peptide, is the only known orexigenic hormone.
Considerable evidence implicates ghrelin in mealtime hunger and meal initiation …

Dopamine is an important neuromodulator that exerts widespread effects on the central
nervous system (CNS) function. Disruption in dopaminergic neurotransmission can have …