Threat-anticipatory defensive responses have evolved to promote survival in a dynamic
world. While inherently adaptive, aberrant expression of defensive responses to potential …

Anxiety disorders affect millions of people worldwide and present a challenge in
neuroscience research because of their substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation …

Fear, anxiety and other threat-elicited states help to protect organisms from harm; but when
expressed too intensely or pervasively, they can be crippling 1. Fear and anxiety disorders …

Studies of affective neuroscience have typically employed highly controlled, static
experimental paradigms to investigate the neural underpinnings of threat and reward …

Detecting and responding to threat engages several neural nodes including the amygdala,
hippocampus, insular cortex, and medial prefrontal cortices. Recent propositions call for the …

Pathological fear and anxiety are a leading cause of human misery and morbidity, afflicting
millions of individuals worldwide. Yet existing treatments are inconsistently effective or …

Tobacco smoking imposes a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the urgency
of developing a deeper understanding of the processes that maintain addiction. Clinical and …

Chronic stress and chronic pain share neuro-anatomical, endocrinological, and biological
features. However, stress prepares the body for challenging situations or mitigates tissue …

While rodent models are vital for studying mental disorders, the underestimation of construct
validity of fear indicators has led to limitations in translating to effective clinical treatments …

The primary focus of this review is to rigorously explore the application and significance of
coping strategies within the domains of clinical psychology and neuropsychology. These …