Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

Traditional drug discovery mainly focuses on direct regulation of protein activity. The
development and application of protein activity modulators, particularly inhibitors, has been …

Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical
pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This …

Biomolecular condensates are membraneless intracellular assemblies that often form via
liquid− liquid phase separation and have the ability to concentrate biopolymers. Research …

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

Small RNAs regulate a wide variety of biological processes by repressing the expression of
target genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To achieve these …

Gene expression involves transcription, translation and the turnover of mRNAs and proteins.
The degree to which protein abundances scale with mRNA levels and the implications in …

Viruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like
autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and …

The concept of 'idiopathic'Parkinson's disease (PD) as a single entity has been challenged
with the identification of several clinical subtypes, pathogenic genes and putative causative …

Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …