Most animal species consist of two distinct sexes. At the morphological, physiological, and
behavioral levels the differences between males and females are numerous and dramatic …

The development of dimorphic adult sexes is a critical process for most animals, one that is
subject to intense selection. Work in vertebrate and insect model species has revealed that …

Exaggerated weapons of sexual selection often diverge more rapidly and dramatically than
other body parts, suggesting that relevant agents of selection may be discernible in …

Sexually dimorphic development is responsible for some of the most remarkable phenotypic
variation found in nature. Alternative splicing of the transcription factor gene doublesex (dsx) …

What limits the size of nature's most extreme structures? For weapons like beetle horns, one
possibility is a tradeoff associated with mechanical levers: as the output arm of the lever …

Alternative splicing underpins functional diversity in proteins and the complexity and
diversity of eukaryotes. An example is the doublesex gene, the key transcriptional factor in …

Clarifying the mechanisms underlying shape alterations during insect metamorphosis is
important for understanding exoskeletal morphogenesis. The large horn of the Japanese …

The head horn of the Asian rhinoceros beetle develops as an extensively folded primordium
before unfurling into its final 3D shape at the pupal molt. The information of the final 3D …

Abstract The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is a giant beetle with
distinctive exaggerated horns present on the head and prothoracic regions of the male. T …

Abstract The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is one of the largest beetle
species in the world and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Ten subspecies …