P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

In 1929 Drury and Szent-Györgyi published a seminal paper describing the potent actions of
adenine compounds. Some decades later, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was proposed …

Nucleotides are emerging as an ubiquitous family of extracellular signaling molecules. It has
been known for many years that adenosine diphosphate is a potent platelet aggregating …

The P2X7 receptor is a bifunctional molecule. The binding of ATP induces within
milliseconds the opening of a channel selective for small cations, and within seconds a …

Abstract ATP-gated P2X receptors are trimeric ion channels that assemble as homo-or
heteromers from seven cloned subunits. Transcripts and/or proteins of P2X subunits have …

T cells express a toxin-related ADP-ribosylating ectoenzyme, ART2. Exposure of mature T
cells to NAD, the substrate for ADP-ribosylation, induces cell death. ART2-catalyzed ADP …

▪ Abstract Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell death that is required for the
development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In contrast to necrosis, apoptosis …

Cellular energy metabolism is an important part of the background machinery that ensures
proper function of immune cells. Here, Frank Buttgereit and colleagues describe the …

Neuroinflammation limits tissue damage in response to pathogens or injury and promotes
repair. There are two stages of inflammation, initiation and resolution. P2X receptors are …

Cells of the macrophage lineage express a peculiar surface receptor for extracellular ATP,
designated P2Z/P2X7 purinergic receptor, that induces pore formation and collapse of the …