BACKGROUND: Prior studies on chronic systolic heart failure (HF) have demonstrated that
body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with mortality, the so-called obesity paradox …

The epidemiology of cardiovacular disease risk factors is changing rapidly with the obesity
pandemic. Obesity is independently associated with the risks for coronary heart disease …

Aims Socioeconomic status (SES) is a powerful predictor of incident coronary disease and
adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Understanding the impact of SES on heart failure (HF) …

A hypothesis is presented based on a coalescence of anthropological estimations of Homo
sapiens' phenotypes in the Late Paleolithic era 10,000 years ago, with Darwinian natural …

BACKGROUND: The relative contribution of risk factors to the development of heart failure
remains controversial. Further, whether these contributions have changed over time or differ …

Health is unevenly distributed across socioeconomic status. Persons of lower income,
education, or occupational status experience worse health and die earlier than do their …

Objectives: This study sought to estimate lifetime risk for heart failure (HF) by sex and race.
Background: Prior estimates of lifetime risk for developing HF range from 20% to 33% in …

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force
on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or …

It has been clear that at least 1 billion adults worldwide are smokers and at least 700 million
children are passive smokers at home. Smoking exerts a detrimental effect to many organ …

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