Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing …

Adolescence is a period of dynamic change across multiple systems. Concurrent maturation
of neural, biological, and psychosocial functioning renders adolescence a time of …

Objective: Black Americans in the United States are disproportionately exposed to childhood
adversity compared with White Americans. Such disparities may contribute to race-related …

The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by pronounced shifts in brain
structure and function that coincide with the development of physical, cognitive, and social …

Background Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child
maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic or community violence, have …

In response to rapidly growing rates of comorbidity among psychiatric disorders, clinical
scientists have become interested in identifying transdiagnostic processes that can help …

We review some of the growing evidence of the costs of poverty to children's
neuroendocrine function, early brain development, and cognitive ability. We underscore the …

A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural
structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental …