The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ
systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The …

The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes,
including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic …

Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) family
of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the lack of functional dystrophin protein.
Improvements in patient care and disease management have slowed down disease …

Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have
been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of “work …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and
differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo-and …

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by
chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and …

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related
sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity …

Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional
deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity …

Loss of muscle proteins is a deleterious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that
causes a decrease in muscle strength and function, and can lead to a reduction in quality of …