ObjectiveTo assess the association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of pregnancy
loss using a systematic review and meta-analysis. DesignCategorical and dose–response …

Cocoa originates from the beans of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.). It is an important
commodity and the main ingredient in chocolate manufacture. Its value and quality are …

Diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy affect short-and long-term health of
mother and child. The energy needs at the end of pregnancy increase only by about 10 …

Methylated xanthines (methylxanthines) are available from a significant number of different
botanical species. They are ordinarily included in daily diet, in many extremely common …

Coffee brews are one of the most popular drinks. They are consumed for caffeine and its
stimulant properties. The study aimed to summarize data on the influence of various factors …

Reproductive function and fertility are thought to be compromised by behaviors such as
cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption; however, the strength of …

Background Stillbirth is generally defined as a death prior to birth at or after 22 weeks'
gestation. It remains a major public health concern globally. Antenatal interventions may …

Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a key influence on optimum fetal health. Eating
disorders (EDs) during pregnancy may have detrimental effects on fetal growth and the …

The placenta is a vital, multi-functional organ that acts as an interface between maternal and
fetal circulation during pregnancy. Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy alter placental …

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products,
Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of caffeine …