With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be
increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component …

Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in
the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. They are …

The hornworts are a small group of land plants, consisting of only 11 families and
approximately 220 species. Despite their small size as a group, their phylogenetic position …

An intricate network of internal plastid membrane is formed in chloroplasts during plant
ontogenesis. The network develops directly from a simple membrane system in proplastids …

Background Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play an essential role in the post-
transcriptional regulation of genes in plastid genomes. Although important advances have …

The desiccation tolerance of plants relies on defense mechanisms that enable the protection
of macromolecules, biological structures, and metabolism. Although the defense of leaf …

exDNA is found in various organisms, including plants. However, plant exDNA has thus far
received little attention related to its origin and role in the RET (root extracellular trap). In this …

Evolution is the single unifying principle of biology and core to everything in the life
sciences. More than a century of work by scientists from across the biological spectrum has …

Background: Plastids are plant-specific semi-autonomous self-replicating organelles,
containing circular DNA molecules called plastomes. Plastids perform crucial functions …

The formation of different intracellular compartments is necessary for the physical separation
of various biochemical reactions, their products as well as different ions by barriers made up …