The introduction of sex-as-a-biological-variable policies at funding agencies around the
world has led to an explosion of very recent observations of sex differences in the biology …

The use of spontaneous painful disease in companion pet animals has been highlighted as
one of the changes that could be made to help improve translation of basic science to new …

The measurement of withdrawal to experimenter-delivered mechanical stimuli (von Frey
test) and to heat stimuli (radiant heat paw-withdrawal or Hargreaves' test) applied to the hind …

Pain has a negative impact on public health, reducing quality of life. Unfortunately, current
treatments are not fully effective and have adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need to …

Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable
health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering …

Pain in rodents is often inferred from their withdrawal from noxious stimulation. Threshold
stimulus intensity or response latency is used to quantify pain sensitivity. This usually …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance In Chinese traditional medicine, Rhododendron
molle G. Don is a recognized herb to ease pain. Rhodojaponin III (RJ-III) has been identified …

The development of new analgesics for neuropathic pain treatment is crucial. The failure of
promising drugs in clinical trials may be related to the over-reliance on reflex-based …

Primary afferent neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transduce peripheral nociceptive
signals and transmit them to the spinal cord. These neurons also mediate analgesic control …

The development of novel analgesics for chronic pain in the last 2 decades has proven
virtually intractable, typically failing due to lack of efficacy and dose-limiting side effects …