Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

Papaver somniferum L.(Family: Papaveraceae) is a species well known for its diverse
alkaloids (100 different benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs)). L-tyrosine serves as a …

Pain is a common and devastating symptom among cancer patients. It can be caused by the
cancer itself or by certain therapies like surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. Opioids are the …

Objective The association between opium use and bladder cancer has been investigated in
many studies, with varying reporting results reported. This study aims to estimate the total …

The carcinogenicity of opium consumption was recently evaluated by a Working Group
convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We supplement the …

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified
opium use as a Group 1 carcinogen. However, much remains to be studied on the relation …

Opioids are the main group of pharmacological agents used during the perioperative period
and provide a sedative and analgesic component. The observations of opioid consumption …

Opinion statement So far, opioids have been successfully used to reduce cancer pain in
patients in order to improve their quality of life. However, the use of opioids leads to …

Background Opium and its pyrolysates have been investigated as potential carcinogenic
material through several studies in different body systems; however, the results were …

Background μ‐opioid receptor agonists (MORAs) are indispensable for analgesia in bladder
cancer (BC) patients, both during surgery and for chronic pain treatment. Whether MORAs …