Parkinson's disease (PD) is manifested by progressive motor, autonomic, and cognitive
disturbances. Dopamine (DA) synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) degenerate …

The global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since
the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the …

Exercise may be the most commonly offered yet least consistently followed therapeutic
advice for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological studies of prospectively …

Dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain, has been implicated
in the coding of prediction errors that govern reward learning as well as fear extinction …

Objective: To compare the effects of 2 forms of exercise, ie, a 6-week trial of treadmill training
with virtual reality (TT+ VR) that targets motor and cognitive aspects of safe ambulation and …

A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often
difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately …

Introduction Studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have suggested that the
rate of exercise performance is important in treatment efficacy and neuroprotection. In …

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) present cognitive impairments, which
deteriorate their quality of life and increase disability. Acute aerobic exercise has …

In the present study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise in the presence of
Vitamin D3 (VD3), on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. The …

Physical training in Parkinson disease improves motor performance, alleviates nonmotor
symptoms, and enhances cognition and quality of life. Nonetheless, adherence to exercise …