Precision medicine, particularly therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is essential for
optimizing drug dosage and minimizing toxicity. However, current TDM methods have …

Antiarrhythmic drugs represent a mainstay of pediatric arrhythmia treatment. However,
official guidelines and consensus documents on this topic remain scarce. There are rather …

Digoxin is a cardiac glycosylated steroid-like drug with a positive inotropic effect and has
been widely used in treating congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and other …

Background The management of the coexistence of heart disease and kidney disease is
increasingly challenging for clinicians. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not only a prevalent …

Rapid and label-free detection of very low concentrations of biomarkers in disease
diagnosis or therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to prevent disease progression in Point …

Therapeutic drug monitoring is useful for individual dosage adjustment and avoiding drug
toxicity for certain drugs with narrow therapeutic window. However, only relatively few drugs …

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring drug concentrations.
TDM can be used to determine treatment efficacy and to prevent the occurrence or reduce …

Objectives Both age and CYP2C19 genotypes affect voriconazole plasma concentration; the
interaction of age and CYP2C19 genotypes on voriconazole plasma concentration remains …

Background Digoxin is a widely prescribed drug for congestive heart failure and atrial
fibrillation. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index and toxicity can develop quite easily …

In elderly patients, digoxin toxicity typically presents with cardiac, digestive, or neurologic
symptoms. 1 These symptoms include dysrhythmias, headaches, altered mental status …