For a long time, optical imaging of the deep brain with high resolution has been a challenge.
Recently, with the advance in second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) bioimaging techniques and …

Transcranial brain stimulation with low-level light/laser therapy (LLLT) is the use of
directional low-power and high-fluency monochromatic or quasimonochromatic light from …

Mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging-related cognitive impairment, and
photoneuromodulation of mitochondria by transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may …

Background and objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising and
noninvasive approach to stimulate neuronal function and improve brain repair. The …

Despite attracting increased attention from clinicians, brain temperature distribution,
fluctuations, and changes in response to external stimuli are still largely unknown and …

2.1 Introduction e electromagnetic (EM) spectrum provides a diverse set of tools for probing,
manipulating, and interacting with biological systems. A great variety of EM phenomena are …

The exciting advancements that we are currently witnessing in terms of novel materials and
synthesis approaches are leading to the development of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) with …

Detection of biological features at the cellular level with sufficient sensitivity in complex
tissue remains a major challenge. To appreciate this challenge, this would require finding …

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive photometric technique that measures the
volume changes in arterial blood. Recent studies have reported limitations in developing …

Raman spectroscopy is a group of analytical techniques, currently applied in several
research fields, including clinical diagnostics. Tissue-mimicking optical phantoms have been …