Ana erobic amm onium ox idation (anammox) was discovered as a new microbial reaction in
the late 1990s, which led to the development of an innovative energy-and carbon-efficient …

Nitrifier denitrification is the pathway of nitrification in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to
nitrite (NO2−) followed by the reduction of NO2− to nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and …

Throughout the 20th century, the prevailing approach toward nitrogen management in
municipal wastewater treatment was to remove ammonium by transforming it into dinitrogen …

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is becoming a critical technology for energy
neutral in mainstream wastewater treatment. However, the presence of chemical oxygen …

Nitrogen contamination remains a severe environmental problem and a major threat to
sustainable development worldwide. A systematic analysis of the literature indicates that the …

The first full-scale anammox reactor in the world was started in Rotterdam (NL). The reactor
was scaled-up directly from laboratory-scale to full-scale and treats up to 750kg-N/d. In the …

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process, discovered 20 years ago, is, in
combination with partial nitritation, ideally suited to treat nitrogen rich waste water streams …

Nitrite is known to accumulate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) under certain
environmental conditions. The protonated form of nitrite, free nitrous acid (FNA), has been …

The occurrence of the widely-used antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SFX) in wastewaters and
surface waters has been reported in a large number of studies. However, the results …

Many wastewater treatment plants in the world do not remove reactive nitrogen from
wastewater prior to release into the environment. Excess reactive nitrogen not only has a …