Cognitive and behavioural flexibility permit the appropriate adjustment of thoughts and
behaviours in response to changing environmental demands. Brain mechanisms enabling …

The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level
with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas …

Decisions are made with different degrees of consistency, and this consistency can be
linked to the confidence that the best choice has been made. Theoretical work suggests that …

We review the current state of knowledge on the computational and neural mechanisms of
reinforcement-learning with a particular focus on fronto-striatal circuits. We divide the …

Dopamine is implicated in adaptive behavior through reward prediction error (RPE) signals
that update value estimates. There is also accumulating evidence that animals in structured …

Flexible decision-making requires animals to forego immediate rewards (exploitation) and
try novel choice options (exploration) to discover if they are preferable to familiar …

Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in
experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules, and …

Behavioral flexibility is the ability to adjust behavioral strategies in response to changing
environmental contingencies. A major hypothesis in the field posits that the activity of …

Frontal cortex is thought to underlie many advanced cognitive capacities, from self-control to
long term planning. Reflecting these diverse demands, frontal neural activity is notoriously …