Over the past two decades, compelling evidence has emerged indicating that immune
mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and …

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT)
conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and …

Mental health researchers and clinicians have long sought answers to the question “What
works for whom?” The goal of precision medicine is to provide evidence-based answers to …

Objectives: To provide guidance for the management of mood disorders, based on scientific
evidence supplemented by expert clinical consensus and formulate recommendations to …

Background Antidepressant treatment efficacy is low, but might be improved by matching
patients to interventions. At present, clinicians have no empirically validated mechanisms to …

Importance Combining antidepressants is frequently done in the treatment of acute
depression, but studies have yielded conflicting results. Objective To conduct a systematic …

Extensive studies showed that monoaminergic neurotransmission that involves serotonin (5-
HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) exerts major influence on brain circuits …

Background Ketamine is reported to have rapid antidepressant effects; however, there is
limited understanding of the time-course of ketamine effects beyond a single infusion. A …

Objectives. This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of
unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World …

Background Most adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to achieve remission with
index pharmacological treatment. Moreover, at least half will not achieve and sustain …