Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis
characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD …

Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and other reactive species overwhelm the
availability of antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, and …

Background The Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with COPD
document 2004 updates the position papers on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease | NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) …

Around 50% of people, almost all in developing countries, rely on coal and biomass in the
form of wood, dung and crop residues for domestic energy. These materials are typically …

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a
central role in cellular defense against oxidative and electrophilic insults by timely induction …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death and disability, but has
only recently been extensively explored from a cellular and molecular perspective. There is …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by an inappropriate/
excessive inflammatory response of the lungs to respiratory pollutants, mainly tobacco …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by fixed airflow limitation
associated with an abnormal pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response of the lungs to …

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of
morbidity, mortality, and resource use worldwide. The goal of this Official American Thoracic …