The mucosal immune system plays a vital role in protecting the host from the external
environment. Its major challenge is to balance immune responses against harmful and …

Gut microbes are immunologically tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract but trigger
aggressive immune responses upon translocation across the gut barrier. Although oral …

Simple Summary Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a key role in the
anti-tumor response by their ability to recognize and kill transformed cells. Their relevance in …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) B infections remain a primary global health concern. The
immunopathology of the infection, specifically the interactions between HBV and the host …

The two primary forms of inflammatory disorders of the small intestine and colon that make
up inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) …

Introduction Alterations in the gut immune system have been implicated in various diseases.
The challenge of obtaining gut tissues from healthy individuals, commonly performed via …

Emerging evidence in clinical and preclinical studies indicates that success of
immunotherapies can be impacted by the state of the microbiome. Understanding the role of …

Fibrosis is an important pathological change in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the
mechanism has yet to be elucidated. WNT2B high‑expressed fibroblasts are enriched in IBD …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Chinese herbal medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD)
has been clinically shown to be an effective treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD) receptors rely on the interface
between immunity and metabolism. Dietary factors constitute critical players in the activation …