The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption
worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major …

It has been 20 years since Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was first used as a vector. The
past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in vaccine generation based on the …

Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging
infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of …

Cellular immune responses play a key role in the control of viral infection. The nucleocapsid
(N) protein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major immunogenic protein that can …

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can
rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population against …

The most effective strategies for the control of disease in poultry are vaccination and
biosecurity. Vaccines useful against pathogens affecting poultry must be safe, effective with …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry
and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by the avian
coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV). Modified Live Virus (MLV) vaccines used …

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important and devastating avian diseases with
considerable threat to the global poultry industry. Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome …

Despite continuous and extensive efforts to control infectious bronchitis (IB) throughout the
century, the disease continues to be one of the most economically relevant diseases …