Effort invested in the development of new drugs often fails to be translated into meaningful
clinical benefits for patients with cancer. The development of more effective anticancer …

In vitro 3D models are advanced biological tools that have been established to overcome
the shortcomings of oversimplified 2D cultures and mouse models. Various in vitro 3D …

Cellular microstructures form naturally in many living organisms (eg, flowers and leaves) to
provide vital functions in synthesis, transport of nutrients, and regulation of growth. Although …

Organoids are three‐dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are
derived from cells with stem potential and can self‐organize and differentiate into 3D cell …

Due to the low autofluorescence and deep-photo penetration, the second near-infrared
region fluorescence imaging technology (NIR-II, 1000–2000 nm) has been widely utilized in …

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and
dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture …

Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical
practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The …

The interactions among tumour cells, the tumour microenvironment (TME) and non-tumour
tissues are of interest to many cancer researchers. Micro-engineering approaches and …

Bioinks for 3D bioprinting of tumor models should not only meet printability requirements but
also accurately maintain and support phenotypes of tumor surrounding cells to recapitulate …

Optical imaging technologies that use fluorescence and chemiluminescence probes allow
the real-time detection of biological activity in the context of location, time and environment …