Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each year.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk …

Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD),
and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes …

Physical activity has received substantial research attention due to its beneficial impact on
cognition in ageing, particularly via the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It …

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the
presence of hyperglycemia, commonly preceded by a prediabetic state. The excess of blood …

We are facing an obesity epidemic, and obesity itself and its close companion, type 2
diabetes, are independent risk factors for neurodegeneration. While most medical …

Microglia M1 phenotype causes HPA axis hyperactivity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and
production of proinflammatory mediators and oxidants, which may contribute to the etiology …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is present in almost
all cells and regulates the activity of innate immune responses in both intracellular and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system (CNS). Inflammation is observed in all stages of MS, both within and around …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult
brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves …

Alcohol use disorders are associated with altered stress responses, but the impact of stress
or stress hormones on alcohol-associated tissue injury remain unknown. We evaluated the …