Abstract Gulf War Illness (GWI), affecting 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War (GW), is a
multi-symptom illness with features similar to those of patients with autoimmune diseases …

Reactive astrocytes have traditionally been viewed as a significant contributor to secondary
neuronal damage and repair inhibition after central nervous system (CNS) injury attributed …

Astrocytes are dynamic cells that maintain brain homeostasis by regulating neurotransmitter
systems, antioxidant defenses, inflammatory responses and energy metabolism. Astroglial …

In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central
nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. In cell culture or rodent models …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive, neurodegenerative condition
characterised by accumulation of toxic βeta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, is one of the leading …

Neuroinflammation represents a dynamic process of defense and protection against the
harmful action of infectious agents or other detrimental stimuli in the central nervous system …

Astrocytes have countless links with neurons. Previously, astrocytes were only considered a
scaffold of neurons; in fact, astrocytes perform a variety of functions, including providing …

Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H 2
S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural …

Neuroinflammation is a key process of many neurodegenerative diseases and other brain
disturbances, and astrocytes play an essential role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, the …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the glia limitans serve to prevent the migration of cells
and other large molecules from the blood into the CNS. Neuroinflammatory diseases are …