Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common and severe microvascular
complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and has become the leading cause of end-stage …

The incidence of heart failure and chronic kidney disease is increasing, and many patients
develop both diseases. Angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) is a promising …

Background Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial
blood pressure associated with injury to the heart, kidney, brain, and other organs …

Heart failure is a serious threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality rates
increasing despite the existence of multiple treatment options. Therefore, it is necessary to …

Background Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in patients with
advanced chronic kidney diseases. The predominant abnormality observed among this …

Background Aldosterone has been assumed to be one of aggravating factors in diabetic
kidney disease (DKD). Natriuretic peptides/guanylyl cyclase-A/cGMP signalling has been …

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disorder with multi-system manifestations, causing a
significant burden in terms of disability and deaths globally. Angio-tensin receptor-neprilysin …

The incidence of chronic kidney disease is escalating; cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 4 is
gaining a major health concern causing significant morbidity and mortality, putting major …

An angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a heart failure treatment, is a
combination drug made up of sacubitril, a neprilysin inhibitor, and valsartan, a vascular …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) results from complex interaction between heart and kidneys,
inducing simultaneous acute or chronic dysfunction of these organs. Although its incidence …