We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research
groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common …

Background Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV)
in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and …

Trade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a
central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined …

Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense
(D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G–D tradeoffs through principles of …

Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as
adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional …

Woody plant species store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) for many functions. While
known to buffer against fluctuations in photosynthetic supply, such as at night, NSC stores …

Masting, a variable and synchronized variation in reproductive effort is a prevalent strategy
among perennial plants, but the factors leading to interspecific differences in masting remain …

Trade‐offs among carbon sinks constrain how trees physiologically, ecologically, and
evolutionarily respond to their environments. These trade‐offs typically fall along a …

Globally, plants display enormous variation in life‐history strategies and trait combinations.
However, evidence suggests that evolutionary and physiological constraints limit the …

Identifying the genetic basis of local adaptation and fitness trade-offs across environments is
a central goal of evolutionary biology. Cold acclimation is an adaptive plastic response for …