A number of functionalized fullerene derivatives have been widely investigated in biological
applications after the main problem of poor solubility in the cellular environment was solved …

The members of Toll‐like receptor/Interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor (TLR/IL‐1R) superfamily play a
fundamental role in the immune response. These receptors detect microbial components …

The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) axis plays a central role in
attenuating inflammation upon macrophage stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise highly conserved molecular structures, collectively
known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the past two decades, development …

Introduction: The immune response is mediated via two parallel immune components, innate
and adaptive, whose effector functions are highly integrated and coordinated for the …

Over the last decade, a great deal of attention has been devoted to study the inflammatory
response upon exposure to multi/single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and different …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sentinel receptors of the host innate immune system that
recognize conserved'pathogen-associated molecular patterns' of invading microbes …

As we learn more about the biology of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a wide range of
molecules that can activate this fascinating family of pattern recognition receptors emerges …

Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells is an important
component of the pathogenic basis of malaria. Proinflammatory cytokines are a direct output …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a class of conserved receptors that recognize pathogen‐
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present in microbes. In humans, at least ten TLRs …