Abstract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons play a key role in efferent and
afferent control of principle neuron activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), thereby regulating …

Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of
nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the …

Klotho (KL) is a glycosyl hydrolase and aging-suppressor gene. Stress is a risk factor for
depression and anxiety, which are highly comorbid with each other. The aim of this study is …

Environmental enrichment (EE), comprising positive physical (exercise) and cognitive
stimuli, influences neuronal structure and usually improves brain function. The promise of …

Depression affects women nearly twice as frequently as men. In contrast, rodent models of
depression have shown inconsistent results regarding sex bias, often reporting more …

Background and Purpose Women are overrepresented in post‐traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), a mental disorder characterised by ineffective inhibition of fear. The use of male …

Many brain and behavioral disorders differentially affect men and women. The new National
Institutes of Health requirement to include both male and female animals in preclinical …

Peripheral neuropathy often manifests clinically with symptoms of mechanical and cold
allodynia. However, the neuroplastic changes associated with peripheral neuropathic pain …

Women are at least twice as susceptible to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
compared to men. Although most research seeking to explain this discrepancy has focussed …

The endocannabinoid system is an increasingly recognised pharmacological target for
treating stress and anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …