Abstract In mammals, the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (henceforth,“the Nrf2 pathway”) and
autophagy are major intracellular defence systems that combat oxidative damage and …

Autophagy is an indispensable mechanism of the eukaryotic cell, facilitating the removal and
renewal of cellular components and thereby balancing the cell's energy consumption and …

The effective deployment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated oncotherapy in
practice remains challenging, mired by uncontrollable catalytic processes, stern reaction …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for neuronal homeostasis and functions. Accumulating
evidence suggest that autophagy is impaired during cerebral ischemia, contributing to …

Lysosomes are the terminal degradative compartment of autophagy, endocytosis and
phagocytosis. What once was viewed as a simple acidic organelle in charge of …

Pathways governing protein homeostasis are involved in maintaining the structural,
quantitative, and functional stability of intracellular proteins and involve the ubiquitin …

Dysregulation of the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is
commonly linked to aging, cancer, and genetic disorders such as tuberous sclerosis (TS), a …

Simple Summary The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is the most frequently
activated pathway in human cancers. Consequently, a number of compounds targeting the …

Cells adapt to nutrient and energy deprivation by inducing autophagy, which is regulated by
the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs) …

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that controls
multiple cellular processes upon various intracellular and extracellular stimuli. Since its first …