Several studies have revealed that actin depolymerizing factors (ADFs) participate in plant
defence responses; however, the functional mechanisms appear intricate and need further …

Components of the plant immune signaling network need mechanisms that confer resilience
against fast‐evolving pathogen effectors that target them. Among eight Arabidopsis CaM …

The nuclear import of proteins is a fundamental process in the eukaryotes including plant. It
has become evident that such basic process is exploited by nuclear effectors that contain …

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and
seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae …

As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defense hormone in
plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has …

Ustilago maydis causes common smut in maize, which is characterized by tumor formation
in aerial parts of maize. Tumors result from the de novo cell division of highly developed …

Cotton is an important economic crop. Cotton Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae
seriously damages production. Phytosterols play roles in plant-pathogen interaction. To …

Pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress host immunity and promote
pathogen virulence, although many features at the molecular interface of host–pathogen …

Verticillium dahliae is a kind of pathogenic fungus that brings about wilt disease and great
losses in cotton. The molecular mechanism of the effectors in V. dahliae regulating cotton …

As a universal second messenger, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) functions in multifaceted
intracellular processes, including growth, development and responses to biotic/abiotic …