Baking soda and vinegar have been used as home remedies for generations and today we
are only a mouse-click away from claims that baking soda, lemon juice, and apple cider …

Xenobiotic and metabolite extrusion is an important process for the proper functions of cells
and their compartments, including acidic organelles. MATE (multidrug and toxic compound …

Efflux pumps function as an advanced defense system against antimicrobials by reducing
the concentration of drugs inside the bacteria and extruding the substances outside. Various …

L-arginine and its derivatives, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and
SDMA) and L-homoarginine, have emerged as cardiovascular biomarkers linked to …

Ergothioneine (ERG), is a water-soluble amino acid that is derived entirely from dietary
sources. It has received much attention as a therapeutic agent due to its anti-oxidant …

The organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of drug transporters
involved in the uptake and disposition of a wide array of structurally divergent endogenous …

Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and
invasiveness. The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their …

A considerable number of drugs and/or their metabolites are excreted by the kidneys
through glomerular filtration and active renal tubule secretion via transporter proteins …

Endogenous biomarkers are emerging to advance clinical drug‐drug interaction (DDI) risk
assessment in drug development. Twelve healthy subjects received a multidrug and toxin …

Metformin, an oral antihyperglycemic, is increasingly being prescribed to pregnant women
with gestational diabetes. Metformin is a hydrophilic cation and relies on organic cation …