Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA
receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals. RA-RARs can activate or …

Mammalian spermatogenesis contains three continuous and organized processes, by which
spermatogonia undergo mitosis and differentiate to spermatocytes, follow on meiosis to form …

Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, is critical for the production of oocytes and
sperm in mammals. These gametes derive from primordial germ cells, which colonize the …

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testis support the lifelong production of sperm.
SSCs reside within specialized microenvironments called" niches," which are essential for …

Vitamin A (retinol) is important for normal growth, vision and reproduction. It has a role in the
immune response and the development of metabolic syndrome. Most of the retinol present …

Background Spermatogenesis is a complex process that is controlled by interactions
between germ cells and somatic cells. The commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to …

Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It
represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics …

Abstract miRNAs play important roles during mammalian spermatogenesis. However, the
function of most miRNAs in spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain …

This review explores the usefulness retinoic acid (RA) related physiological factors as
possible biomarkers of embryotoxicity. RA is involved in the morphogenesis of the early …

Ensuring robust gamete production even in the face of environmental stress is of utmost
importance for species survival, especially in mammals that have low reproductive rates …