Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to
design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue …

The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1–7) form cationic channels gated by
ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting …

Pain has been considered as a concept of sensation that we feel as a reaction to the
stimulus of our surrounding, putting us in harm's way and acting as a form of defense …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier
of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. Effects
of extracellular ATP are mediated by plasma membrane receptors named P2 receptors …

A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as
excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable
membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated …

Depression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide.
Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but …