Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in
metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue …

Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer
remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced …

Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views
have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However …

Prostate cancer relapsing from antiandrogen therapies can exhibit variant histology with
altered lineage marker expression, suggesting that lineage plasticity facilitates therapeutic …

PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP 3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly
opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly …

Gastric cancers, with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) as the most common histological type,
impose a considerable global health burden. Although the screening strategies for early …

Despite the success of immune checkpoint blockade against melanoma, many “cold” tumors
like prostate cancer remain unresponsive. We found that hypoxic zones were prevalent …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are correlated with the progression of prostatic
adenocarcinoma (PCa). The mechanistic basis of this correlation and therapeutic strategies …

Chronic inflammation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment promote prostate
cancer (PCa) progression and diminish the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) …

Lineage plasticity causes therapeutic resistance; however, it remains unclear how the fate
conversion and phenotype switching of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are implicated …